As families prepare to celebrate Thanksgiving, farmworkers across the country who help harvest the food they will prepare continue to struggle under bitter working and living conditions. Jose Lopez comes from the Mixteco town of Jicayan de Tovar in Guerrero. Heās worked in the fields for 10 years but makes so little that he has to borrow money to pay his bills and has almost none left over to send to his family in Mexico. He told his story to the author as part of a cooperative project with Farmworker Justice (www.farmworkerjustice.org).
Iāve worked in the fields here for 10 years, always in Fresno. I come from Jicayan de Tovar in Guerrero, where we speak Mixteco and Spanish. There are a lot of people from my town working here in Fresno. Every year, I pick eggplant, grapes, peaches and nectarines, and also grape leaves. I work pruning during part of the year as well. I get seven to eight months of work each year. Right now, the pay is eight dollars an hour. Sometimes I get paid by the hour, and sometimes I work by the piece rate, but it comes out to about the same thing.
Jose Lopez in his home near the Central Valley city of Fresno. Photo by David Bacon
Picking grapes for raisins is the hardest job. Itās a lot of work and in hot conditions. Sometimes we work up to 11 or 12 hours a day, but they never pay us overtime pay. I get extremely tired after a dayās work, especially because of the heat. On this job, the pay is 25 cents per tabla [a bucket of grapes spread out over a piece of paper in the row between the vines]. I make approximately $300 a week on this job. Considering the long hours and the extreme heat, it is not a fair wage. Itās not enough.
With this pay, I have to support three children, my wife and myself. My wife doesnāt work because she has to take care of the children. Sometimes that $300 isnāt enough. I have to buy food and other things the children need and want, and it doesnāt cover all of it. If there is a lot of work I can save enough money while Iām working to last through the months when I donāt work. When I canāt find work, we use our savings. Then, when the money runs out, I have to ask for a loan and pay it back when Iām working again.
My oldest child is seven years old, the second is six and the youngest is six months. So two are in school, and for them I have to purchase school clothing and supplies. There are times when I donāt have enough money for that either. I have to ask for a loan and buy them what they need. There are times when I donāt have enough money for food, and I ask for a loan then also. If it wasnāt for that loan, I would not have a way to buy the familyās items.
Jose Lopez in the living room of his home in Caruthers. Photo by David Bacon
Itās not right to work so hard and not earn enough to support my family, but what can we do? We canāt get a better paying job. We canāt do anything else; thatās why we work in the fields. But the owners are earning enough, arenāt they?
Some foremen treat us well, but others yell at workers and tell us to work faster. Some let us take our 15-minute breaks and others donāt. Workers suffer a lot while weāre working. If we donāt work hard, then weāre out of a job and canāt pay the rent. If we donāt work fast, weāre fired for that too. Itās the job we have. We feel bad when weāre yelled at. We feel humiliatedāitās not right to be treated in that way. I sometimes feel like saying something because there is no need to yell at workers. But if I were to say something I would be out of a job.
My friends have seen workers faint because of the heat and lack of water. Sometimes the pesticides on the vine are transferred to the workers too. We suffer the consequences of working around these chemicals, but we donāt know whom we can talk to about it.
Iāve felt sick because of pesticides. Recently while I was pruning I began feeling very ill, with a headache and a lot of pain. I didnāt know what chemicals Iād been exposed to, but I couldnāt work. The little money I had earned working, I had to spend seeking medical care. When I went to see the doctor, he just told me that I could buy medicine. I was out of a job for a while, and I still feel sick from it. Iām also worried about the long-term effects.
Picking peaches can also cause problems. The dust from the fruit causes skin irritation. Iāve experienced that. Itās possible to avoid it, but the grower doesnāt provide gloves or long-sleeved shirts, so you buy your own or you pick peaches without protection. The peach season lasts one or two months, and for this work they pay eight dollars an hourāthe same as for everything else. I donāt like picking peaches but I need the money, so I have to do it even though I would rather not.
Iām sending money back to my family in Guerrero. I donāt earn a lot, but I have to send at least something. Thatās why I came to the United States, to send money back to my family in Mexico. I wanted to come here to work and earn money in order to help support them. There is work in Mexico, but the wages are too low. My family owns land in Jicayan de Tovar, but very little, not enough to support a family.
Iāve heard of the American dream. Some think that everyone who comes here will have a better life. But there isnāt much money here. I thought Iād be earning more. We have to earn enough to pay the rent in this country, and it is very high. The money we earn isnāt enough to support our families here and in Mexico both. I feel bad and frustrated that I canāt do anything about it.
More personal stories explaining the reality of working in the fields today are posted on the Farmworker Justice Web site (http://www.farmworkerjustice.org/stories/).
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David Bacon is the associate editor of New America Media. A photographer since the 1980s, a journalist and a former labor organizer, he specializes in portraying the struggles and lives of workers.
The Community Alliance is a monthly newspaper that has been published in Fresno, California, since 1996. The purpose of the newspaper is to help build a progressive movement for social and economic justice.