By Mike Rhodes

Big Sue. Photo by Dixie Salazar
This fall and winter,the City of Fresno spent more than $200,000 to destroy the shelters and property of people living in downtown homeless encampments. This was done as freezing weather arrived and city representatives told homeless advocates that they did not have enough money to open warming centers at community centers. Somehow they found money to destroy homeless people’s shelters,but they could not find any money to help keep the homeless warm.
Not only did the city fail to open the warming centers,police officers extinguished the small fires on Santa Clara Street that the homeless built to keep themselves warm. This was after earlier “cleanups” in which the police stood guard as city sanitation workers took down tarps,tents and anything else the homeless used to protect themselves from the cold and rain. Homeless people have reported to the Community Alliance that city workers also took their sleeping bags,blankets and clothing. They even took their firewood in one raid.
The result has been massive illness,with many homeless people coming down with pneumonia this winter. The door at the emergency room at Community Hospital has reportedly been locked on some days because so many people are seeking medical assistance. It was in this context that Sharen “Big Sue” Bobbitt died on Dec. 28,2011. Big Sue died on the sidewalk outside of the Poverello House,a homeless service center in downtown Fresno.

Jean Kennedy spoke at the funeral. A transcript of her talk is available at http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2012/01/14/18704743.php.Photo by Simone Whalen-Rhodes
Dr. Jean Kennedy,speaking at Big Sue’s funeral,said,“Her death is not going to be in vain.” Kennedy vowed to bring the situation of Big Sue’s dying on the sidewalk in front of a homeless center to the attention of the community. Kennedy said she will do everything she can “to make sure that we look at policy so that we won’t have this sort of a situation—so that people have a room,so they have a roof over their heads if they so desire.”
Big Sue’s funeral went from the spot where she died on Santa Clara Street to Ray Polk’s homeless ministry on Broadway and San Benito. A memorial plaque was placed there alongside dozens of other plaques of homeless people who have died on the mean streets of Fresno.
Two days after Big Sue’s funeral,homeless advocates took their concerns about how the city is treating the homeless to the annual Dr. Martin Luther King,Jr.,march. There were signs and banners demanding safe and legal campsites for the homeless,a large photo of Big Sue and criticism of the “cruel and heartless” city policy on homelessness.
Homeless advocates in Fresno’s progressive movement,in addition to protesting,are working to pass legislation at City Hall to allow safe and legal homeless encampments in the city. City Council Member Oliver Baines asked for the proposal and,if a version that he supports can be agreed upon,he says he will work to get it passed at City Hall.
The safe and legal campsite proposal,written by progressive homeless advocates,says that the city allowed homeless encampments to exist and grow for several years but in the past couple of months has cleared out all the major encampments in the city. This dislocation has resulted in thousands of homeless people in Fresno having no safe and legal place to live.
Existing shelters cannot house all of the homeless who are now sleeping on sidewalks and other locations not intended for human habitation. The cost to city and county government,if we allow the situation to continue as it currently exists,will be enormous. The price of providing emergency medical care and hospitalization would be dramatically reduced if we redirected those dollars to provide the homeless with a safe and legal place to live.

Sharen “Big Sue” Bobbitt’s death has sharpened the focus on the City of Fresno’s homeless policy,which has left homeless people with no place to go. Big Sue died on the sidewalk in front of the Poverello House (a homeless center in Fresno). The photo above,taken at the Dr. Martin Luther King,Jr.,march on Jan. 16,reflects the sentiments of many in the community.
Although the city’s goal of decent,affordable and permanent housing for everyone is a good goal,we all know that it cannot be achieved anytime soon. Therefore,there will be homeless people who do not make it into a shelter and have no place to sleep. It is with those people in mind,and there are currently thousands of them in Fresno,that the safe and legal campsite proposal was written.
The proposal argues that the fastest and easiest way to dramatically improve life for the homeless would be to allow them to construct shelters and provide them with basic public services. With shelters like tents,the homeless can get out of the rain and stay considerably warmer than if they have no protection from the rain,wind and cold.
These encampments will exist on public and private land. The city would determine which property it owns that could be used for these encampments. The city would allow encampments to be developed,through a conditional-use permit,for any owner of property who wanted to use his/her land for that purpose. The city would work with other state,federal or county governmental entities to facilitate the use of the land for encampments.
Initially,Phase I of this proposal seeks to allow the establishment of encampments at existing sites,with limited development of infrastructure. A longer-term project will see some infrastructure put into place to better serve the needs of the homeless residents.
These campsites will be self-governing and not overseen by any social service agency or government entity. The residents will be like any other group of people living in a small neighborhood. They will be provided with drinking water,portable toilets and trash pickup. Those services could be paid for by the city,the county,community groups,churches and/or individuals.

Minister Ray Polk with Big Sue’s daughter Suzzanne. The baby is Big Sue’s grandson. Photo by Simone Whalen-Rhodes
The individuals living in these safe and legal homeless encampments will be responsible for maintaining the campsite. No illegal activity will be permitted in the camp. If there are legal problems,they will be handled in the same way as they are in any other neighborhood in Fresno.
These campsites will be distributed throughout the city and consist of no more than 100 residents per encampment. The purpose of the multiple locations is an acknowledgment that homeless people live throughout the community,and the intention is to equitably distribute the encampments throughout the city as much as possible. The purpose of limiting each camp to 100 people or less is to avoid concentrating the homeless in one location and affecting any single area with a high density of homeless people. Possible campsites include vacant lots,churches,parks and unused government property.
Phase I of this proposal will start immediately and utilize the areas where the homeless are already living. Phase I will allow the homeless to construct simple structures (tents and tarps) and live in them until something better is available. This will take away the stigma of living illegally and being told to “move on,” when there is nowhere better to move on to. This decriminalization of poverty is an important first step in allowing people to live with dignity and respect.

Family and friends—third from left is Suzanne,Big Sue’s daughter and two of Big Sue’s granddaughters. Photo by Simone Whalen-Rhodes
Phase I will provide every group of 10 or more homeless people living together with basic public services (drinking water,toilets and trash service). Providing the homeless with these services will not only dramatically improve their lives but also clean up our community. Having access to drinking water should be a service provided to every citizen of this community,whether rich or poor.
Phase II of the homeless advocates proposal,which will take a couple of months to start,will seek new locations for the homeless encampments. These new locations will have improved infrastructure and might be associated with a church or a community group,or they could be independent and located on property owned by someone who allows the encampment on his/her property.
The range of shelters in Phase II might include tents,wooden buildings,modified tool sheds and other structures deemed appropriate by the residents. Although residents in the Phase II development might stay for a while,none of these encampments is intended to be permanent. The goal is to work with the homeless,address any issues they have that are holding them back and get them into decent and affordable housing as soon as possible.
The primary goal of Phases I and II of this project is to improve the lives of the homeless while saving taxpayers’ money and improving public safety. By stabilizing and improving their lives,it will improve their chances of getting a job and/or getting the help they need from social service agencies. That assistance ranges from health services,mental health services,alcohol or drug addiction treatment and job training to getting a better education. Being in a stable location will help the homeless get the assistance they need.

Big Sue’s family and friends were pallbearers at the funeral. Special thanks to Reade and Sons Funeral Home,Rosie’s Flower Shop and Chef Paul. Photo by Simone Whalen-Rhodes
A cost-benefit analysis of this proposal would show that it will save the taxpayers money. Our streets,businesses and residential neighborhoods will benefit by providing homeless people with basic public services. Homeless people will benefit by improved living conditions,better contact with social service agencies and,ultimately,getting into a house.
In Phase III,the homeless advocates would identify location(s) suitable for the development of permanent self-sustaining communities that are being designed by architect Arthur Dyson and the nonprofit organization Eco-Village. At a location agreeable to the residents and the jurisdictions,an Eco-Village will be planned for phased development. Residents who will work on the site will establish a temporary camp onsite. Through sweat equity and volunteer labor,the shared facilities (e.g.,bathrooms,kitchen,community space) and individual dwellings will be built and occupied by the residents. The work will be guided by tradespersons and trained professionals.
Alternatively,the city or county may designate an existing unused public facility that it desires to convert for use as shelter. As with the Eco-Village,a temporary camp will be located onsite and homeless individuals will work on the adaptation of the facility for shelter. In turn,they will gain skills and earn equity in the final product.
Additional suggestions include a true 24/7 emergency shelter for up to 30 days,following acquiring federal funding for emergency shelter and services,and the development of transitional housing for up to two years. We also support permanent housing using existing and foreclosed homes in Fresno and the new affordable housing being developed as part of Housing First.
As negotiations between the homeless advocates and elected officials move forward,the city is continuing its policy of no warming centers,threatening the homeless with arrest for sleeping on the sidewalk and closing more homeless encampments.
Many of the displaced homeless,caught in the raids that took place from October to December of last year,reestablished a camp just west of Palm Avenue and H Street on a canal bank behind the large grain silos. Police have told those residents to “move on” by Feb. 1,although there is no place for them to move on to. Ray Polk,who runs the homeless ministry near Broadway and San Benito,has been told to clear out in March. Polk,who is homeless himself,was spared in the last round of “cleanups” but is again being threatened with eviction.
Bill Simon,the chairperson of the Bishop John Steinbock Homeless Advocacy Committee,has spoken out against the injustice of homeless people having nowhere to go. He asks,“Where are they supposed to go?” Without a safe and legal place for the homeless to live,the city is essentially criminalizing poverty. The unsurprising result of that policy is the death of Big Sue and the hundreds of others who die and end up at the county morgue. Many of the homeless who die on the street end up cremated and dumped into a mass grave at a county cemetery.
Days before this issue of the Community Alliance newspaper was on its way to the printer,City Council Member Oliver Baines informed the author that he was withdrawing from negotiations on a safe and legal campsite proposal. He cited litigation being filed by the ACLU against the City of Fresno as the reason. Homeless advocates will continue to look for an opportunity to pass this legislation,but without Baines’ participation the prospects do not look good.
Some homeless advocates think street action—demonstrations,a sleep-in at City Hall or other more aggressive action—would motivate the city. Still others say that the only thing the city understands is legal action,like the lawsuit that cost it $2.3 million a few years ago for violating the civil rights of the homeless. Homeless advocates,who are working on all three of these approaches to stop the city’s cruel and heartless policy on homelessness,appear determined to keep up the pressure until the homeless are treated with the dignity and respect they deserve.
*****
Mike Rhodes is the editor of the Community Alliance newspaper. Contact him at editor@fresnoalliance.com.

Poetry Corner
Edited by Richard Stone
Dixie Salazar,noted local poet and artist,has also been a longtime advocate for the homeless. She offers here an elegy for Big Sue,the homeless activist who died out in the cold a few weeks ago,not long after her shelter had been destroyed by the City.
Blues for Big Sue
for Sharen Bobbitt,died 12/28/11 on the sidewalk in front of the Poverello House,a homeless shelter
She jumped from box to box,chalked
on the sidewalk,jumped from box to box
rolled her stones like bones—forecast
a future of striped socks and holly hocks
yea,the wind sang holly hocks…but box
car blues jumped the moon and tracks
who could know that little girl who’d grown
that little girl who’d grow—they’d throw
her bones so far away from home—
Law come and chalked her passway with an X
yea,they laid a crossmark where she lay
herself to rest—left her shoes—soul they hauled away
Captured her foot tracks—steel jaws snapped
even memories—when she stepped on a crack
and bulldozers broke her mother’s back
They shut down the sidewalk
crushed the moon—forced from box to box
till she laid out cold as the heart of a stopped clock
who could know that little girl would grow
wings when she lay in the cold—or that they’d sow
her bones so close,so far away from home
*****
Richard Stone is on the boards of the Fresno Center for Nonviolence and the Community Alliance and is a member of Citizens for Civility and Accountability in Media (CCAM). Contact him at richard2662559@yahoo.com.